Calendário de Sazonalidade de Hortifrutícolas Não Convencionais ou Negligenciadas / Seasonality Calendar for Non-Conventional or Neglected Horticultural Crops

Introdução: Com uma enorme variedade de plantas comestíveis, nativas ou exóticas, o Brasil tem sua biodiversidade subexplorada na alimentação. Objetivo: Desenvolver um Calendário de Sazonalidade, a fim de contribuir para o conhecimento, uso e preservação dessas espécies que compõem a biodiversidade. Métodos: Sistematização de informações sobre o período de safra de hortifrutícolas não convencionais ou negligenciadas, por meio de revisão da literatura científica, classificando-as de acordo com as partes utilizadas na alimentação humana, como frutas, hortaliças-fruto, hortaliças herbáceas e sementes. Resultados: O calendário contempla 71 espécies, classificadas em 60 nativas e 11 exóticas, subdivididas em 59 frutas, 3 hortaliças-fruto, 13 hortaliças herbáceas e 6 sementes. Conclusão: A relevância do tema e a escassez de trabalhos que apresentem ferramentas de fácil aplicação, que propiciem a adoção de hortifrutícolas não convencionais ou negligenciadas na culinária e gastronomia, ressaltam a importância de mais estudos voltados para esta temática. Almeja-se, dessa forma, que o calendário proposto seja utilizado pela população e, sobretudo, por profissionais dos serviços de alimentação no planejamento dos cardápios, visando a valorização da cultura alimentar e preservação da biodiversidade brasileira. (AU)

Introduction: With a huge variety of edible plants, native or exotic, Brazil's biodiversity is underexploited as far as food is concerned. Objective: To develop a Seasonality Calendar to promote further knowledge, use and preservation of these species that make up Brazil's biodiversity. Methods: Systematization of information about the harvest period of unconventional or neglected horticultural products, through a review of the scientific literature, by classifying them according to the parts used in human nutrition, such as fruits, fruit-vegetables, herbaceous vegetables and seeds. Results: The calendar includes 71 species, classified into 60 native and 11 exotic ones, subdivided into 59 fruits, 3 fruit-vegetables, 13 herbaceous vegetables and 6 seeds. Conclusions: There need to be more studies focused on this topic owing to its relevance and scarcity of works that present easily applicable tools to encourage the use of unconventional or neglected horticultural crops in cuisine and gastronomy. Therefore, the population and, especially, culinary professionals (when planning menus) are expected to use this knowledge with a view to valuing food culture and the conservation of Brazilian biodiversity. (AU)

Overweight or obesity and abdominal obesity and their association with cardiometabolic risk factors in Brazilian schoolchildren: A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to access the association between overweight or obesity and abdominal obesity (AO) and cardiometabolic risk factors (CRF) of schoolchildren. METHODS: We evaluated body weight (BW), height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fasting glycaemia (FG), blood pressure (BP), triacylglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in 501 students (6-10 y of age) from municipal schools in Macaé, Brazil. Statistical analyses were performed by χ2, Fisher exact tests, and odds ratio (OR; 95% confidence interval [CI]). RESULTS: Children with overweight or obesity had higher TG, TC, and BP values than normal weight children (P < 0.05). The same trend was observed in children with AO versus those without AO. Among the schoolchildren, 58.5% had at least one CRF. Overweight or obese children had increased risk for high BP (OR, 3.98; 95% CI, 2.4-6.57), high TGs (OR, 2.81; 95% CI, 1.64-4.8), high TC (OR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.53-4), high LDL-C (OR, 3.07; 95% CI, 1.09-8.6) and two or more CRFs (OR, 4.6; 95% CI, 2.89-7.3). Children with AO had increased risk for high BP (OR, 3.97; 95% CI, 2.18-7.22), high TGs (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.79-6.49), high TC (OR, 2.57; 95% CI, 1.39-4.75), high LDL-C (OR, 3.7; 95% CI, 1.24-11.07), and two or more CRFs (OR, 3.25; 95% CI, 1.82-5.78). Schoolchildren with CRFs presented higher means of BW, BMI, WC, FG, TGs, TC, LDL-C, SBP, DBP, and lower HDL-C than children without CRFs. CONCLUSION: The relationship between increased body weight or AO and CRF, described in the present data, reinforces the importance of early prevention of excess weight in children.

Metabolic syndrome's risk factors and its association with nutritional status in schoolchildren.

The metabolic risk factors (RF) to the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (MetS) have been evidenced at early ages, including children. The aim of the present study was to identify the prevalence of RF to the diagnosis of MetS and its association with nutritional status of schoolchildren from 6 to 10 years old. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 505 students of municipal schools in Macae, Brazil, conducted from 2013 to 2014. The RF evaluated were: blood pressure (mm Hg), triglycerides (mmol/L), HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) fasting glucose (mmol/L) and waist circumference (cm). At least one RF was present in 61% (n = 308) of the sample. By nutritional status, there was higher prevalence of RF in overweight/obese schoolchildren compared to those with normal weight, except in the concentration of HDL-c. The prevalence of one, two and three RF (MetS) were 34.7% (n = 175), 21.0% (n = 106) and 5.3% (n = 27), respectively. Two RF were more present in overweight (28.2% 95%CI 19.0; 39.0) and obese (41.5% 95%CI 31.4; 52.1) compared to normal weight children (13.5% 95%CI 9.9; 17.8). Three or more RF were more frequent among obese (25.5% 95%CI 17.0; 35.5) in relation to overweight (2.4% 95%CI 0.2; 8.2) and normal weight children (0.3% 95%CI 0; 1.7). The data indicate high prevalence of RF and its relationship with the magnitude of body weight excess. Therefore, the identification and early treatment of these RF might minimize the risk of MetS and related diseases.

Low fruit consumption and omission of daily meals as risk factors for increased blood pressure in adults.

A population-based cross-sectional survey with cluster sampling design and with inverse sampling was conducted in 2010, in a sample of 1590 adults (19-60 years old) exposed to a high prevalence of food insecurity, in the municipality of Duque de Caxias, metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The objective of the study was to evaluate the association of socio-demographic factors, the consumption of fruits and vegetables and the number of meals with increased blood pressure (BP). A hierarchical model that considered variables related to the basic, intermediate and immediate determinants of increased BP was adopted. By using Poisson's regression, univariate models were tested to obtain the prevalence ratio (PR) and its respective 95 % CI. After fitting the model, age (age group 50-59 years) (PR 1·62; 95 % CI 1·09, 2·41), low consumption of fruits in a week (PR 1·37; 95 % CI 1·07, 1·74), fewer meals per day (PR 1·72; 95 % CI 1·21, 2·43) and overweight (PR 1·78; 95 % CI 1·31, 2·20) remained significantly associated with increased BP. Therefore, the results found here reinforce the importance of encouraging and developing strategies that ensure access to healthy foods to minimise increased BP in similar populations.

[Anthropometric indicators as risk markers for metabolic abnormalities]. / Indicadores antropométricos como marcadores de risco para anormalidades metabólicas.

The purpose of this study was to determine which anthropometric indicator has the greatest bearing on the metabolic abnormalities in participants of a Lifestyle Change Program. It consisted of an exploratory, transversal and analytical survey, which assessed the body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), percentage of body fat (%BF) and of muscle mass (%MM) of 273 adults and elderly subjects (over 40 years of age). Blood samples after an 8-hour diet were obtained to assess total cholesterol, high-density cholesterol, low-density cholesterol, triacylglycerol and glucose. Statistical analyses for differentiation between the groups and determination of associations were conducted. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. When the metabolic abnormalities were assessed as a dependent variable and BMI, WC, %BF, %MM as independent variables, it was seen that WC was the anthropometric indicator that showed the closest association with all metabolic abnormalities (P<0,0001), followed by %MM. The conclusion reached was that WC rather than BMI was the main marker of anthropometric risk for metabolic abnormalities frequently related to obesity. Given the same WC value, overweight and obese individuals had comparable health risks to eutrophic individuals.

Indicadores antropométricos como marcadores de risco para anormalidades metabólicas / Anthropometric indicators as risk markers for metabolic abnormalities

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar qual indicador antropométrico apresenta maior relação com as anormalidades metabólicas em participantes de um programa de Mudança de Estilo de Vida. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa do tipo exploratória, transversal e analítica, na qual foram avaliados 273 adultos e idosos (idade superior a 40 anos) quanto ao Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), circunferência cintura (CC), por cento gordura corporal (GT) e por cento massa muscular ( por centoMM). Foi colhida amostra de sangue em jejum para dosagem de colesterol total e frações, triacilglicerol e glicose. Foram realizadas análises estatísticas para diferenciação entre os grupos e determinação de associações. O nível de significância adotado foi de p<0,05. Ao avaliar as anormalidades metabólicas como variável dependente e IMC, CC, GT, por centoMM como variáveis independentes, observamos que a CC foi o indicador antropométrico que mostrou melhor associação com todas as anormalidades metabólicas (p<0,0001), seguida da por centoMM. Conclui-se que as anormalidades metabólicas comumente associadas à obesidade apresentam como principal marcador de risco antropométrico a CC e não o IMC. Dado um mesmo valor de CC, sobrepesos e obesos apresentaram riscos à saúde comparáveis aos indivíduos eutróficos.

The purpose of this study was to determine which anthropometric indicator has the greatest bearing on the metabolic abnormalities in participants of a Lifestyle Change Program. It consisted of an exploratory, transversal and analytical survey, which assessed the body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), percentage of body fat ( percentBF) and of muscle mass ( percentMM) of 273 adults and elderly subjects (over 40 years of age). Blood samples after an 8-hour diet were obtained to assess total cholesterol, high-density cholesterol, low-density cholesterol, triacylglycerol and glucose. Statistical analyses for differentiation between the groups and determination of associations were conducted. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. When the metabolic abnormalities were assessed as a dependent variable and BMI, WC, percentBF, percentMM as independent variables, it was seen that WC was the anthropometric indicator that showed the closest association with all metabolic abnormalities (P<0,0001), followed by percentMM. The conclusion reached was that WC rather than BMI was the main marker of anthropometric risk for metabolic abnormalities frequently related to obesity. Given the same WC value, overweight and obese individuals had comparable health risks to eutrophic individuals.

[Metabolic syndrome in coronary artery and occlusive vascular diseases: a systematic review].

Nowadays, the metabolic syndrome (MS) is highly prevalent and is associated with risk factors for non-transmissible chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, and coronary atherosclerotic disease. The objective of this systematic review is to describe the results of studies that investigated the association of MS with coronary artery disease and occlusive vascular diseases. We conducted a systematic review of data from original studies published between 1999 and 2008, written in English or Portuguese, using the databases Medline, Pubmed, Science Direct and HighWire Press. We included articles in which the diagnosis of MS was made by the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program - Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III, 2001). We excluded studies with animals, supplementation studies, and those with oral or intravenous administration of any substance, as well as those of low methodological quality and those which had a heterogeneous initial sample. Despite the heterogeneity among studies, we observed that individuals with MS had a higher probability (risk = 2.13) of developing occlusive vascular diseases, coronary disease, diabetes and stroke. Lifestyle changes such as healthy eating habits, regular physical activity and cessation of smoking should be encouraged by health professionals to minimize the complications and morbidity associated with MS.

Síndrome metabólica na doença arterial coronariana e vascular oclusiva: uma revisão sistemática / Metabolic syndrome in coronary artery and occlusive vascular diseases: a systematic review

Atualmente, a síndrome metabólica (SM) se mostra altamente prevalente, sendo associada a fatores de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, tais como diabetes mellitus tipo 2, doenças ateroscleróticas e coronarianas. O objetivo desta revisão sistemática foi descrever os resultados de estudos que investigaram a associação da SM com a doença arterial coronariana e doenças vasculares oclusivas. Foi realizada a revisão sistemática com dados de estudos originais publicados entre 1999 e 2008, escritos em inglês ou português, utilizando-se as bases de dados Medline, Pubmed, Highwire Press e Science Direct. Foram incluídos artigos que fizeram o diagnóstico da SM através do critério do National Cholesterol Education Program - Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III, 2001). Foram excluídos estudos realizados com animais, de suplementação e que realizaram administração oral ou endovenosa de qualquer substância, assim como aqueles de baixa qualidade metodológica e com amostra inicialmente heterogênea. Apesar da heterogeneidade entre os estudos, observou-se que indivíduos com SM apresentam maior probabilidade (risco = 2,13) de desenvolverem as doenças vasculares oclusivas, doença coronariana, diabetes mellitus e acidente vascular encefálico. Mudanças no estilo de vida, como práticas alimentares saudáveis, atividade física regular e a cessação do tabagismo devem ser incentivadas pelos profissionais da saúde a fim de minimizar as complicações e a morbimortalidade associada à SM.

Nowadays, the metabolic syndrome (MS) is highly prevalent and is associated with risk factors for non-transmissible chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, and coronary atherosclerotic disease. The objective of this systematic review is to describe the results of studies that investigated the association of MS with coronary artery disease and occlusive vascular diseases. We conducted a systematic review of data from original studies published between 1999 and 2008, written in English or Portuguese, using the databases Medline, Pubmed, Science Direct and HighWire Press. We included articles in which the diagnosis of MS was made by the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program - Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III, 2001). We excluded studies with animals, supplementation studies, and those with oral or intravenous administration of any substance, as well as those of low methodological quality and those which had a heterogeneous initial sample. Despite the heterogeneity among studies, we observed that individuals with MS had a higher probability (risk = 2.13) of developing occlusive vascular diseases, coronary disease, diabetes and stroke. Lifestyle changes such as healthy eating habits, regular physical activity and cessation of smoking should be encouraged by health professionals to minimize the complications and morbidity associated with MS.

Impacto de um programa de intervenção para mudança do estilo de vida sobre indicadores de aptidão física, obesidade e ingestão alimentar de indivíduos adultos / Impact of lifestyle change intervention program on physical fitness, obesity and food intake indicators in adults

A mudança do estilo de vida (MEV) incluindo exercícios físicos e reeducação alimentar faz parte das condutas recomendadas para a atenção primária às doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Entretanto, embora amplamente recomendada, resultados de estudos a longo prazo são escassos. O presente estudo investigou o efeito de dois anos de MEV sobre variáveis antropométricas, de aptidão física e dietéticas de adultos de ambos os gêneros. No período de 2001- 2004, 104 indivíduos (77 mulheres e 27 homens; 54,04±7,7 anos) preencheram os critérios de inclusão comparecendo a sessões de exercícios físicos supervisionados, a reuniões nutricionais e avaliações a cada seis meses por dois anos. Após triagem médica inicial, para exclusão de doenças incapacitantes à atividade motora, foram avaliados o consumo alimentar, antropometria e aptidão física. As diferenças entre gêneros, faixa etária (< e =60 anos) e seis momentos de avaliação foram determinadas estatisticamente para p=0,05. Após seis meses de MEV houve redução significativa do peso, índice de massa corporal e, marcadamente, aumento da aptidão física sem variações na ingestão alimentar. Os aumentos da flexibilidade e força de preensão manual continuaram crescentes até dois anos de MEV, em maiores proporções nas mulheres. Assim, o presente modelo de MEV, de longa duração, mostrou-se eficiente na promoção da aptidão física e reclassificação da adiposidade mesmo sem grandes mudanças na ingestão alimentar.

Lifestyle modification programs (LMP) including physical exercises and nutritional re-education are the recommended conducts for primary atention to non-communicable chronic diseases. Although widely recommended there are just few data available about long time LMP. The present work aimed to present the effects of 2 years LMP on dietary, anthropometric and physical fitness of adults from both gender. One hundred and four subjects (77 women and 27 men; 54.04±7.7 years) fullfiled the inclusion criteria of exercise sessions, presence of nutritional meetings and accomplishment of every 6-months assessments during 2 years. After the clinical trial all subjects were included in supervisioned exercise program of 80 min, 5x/wk along with diet-counseling meetings. Assessments of dietary intake, anthropometry and physical tests were undertaken semesterly. Statistical analysis were done to compare sexes, aging and moments for a=5%. Six months of LMP reduced signifi cantly body weight and body mass index and more markedly physical unfitness without changes on food intake. Only trunk flexibility and handgrip continued to improve up to 24 mo. The greater improvements were found in women. Thus the present long-lasting LMP showed to be efficient for adults in promoting better physical fitness and body fat reclassification without significant dietarychanges.

Adaptação do índice de alimentação saudável ao guia alimentar da população brasileira / Adaptation of the healthy eating index to the food guide of the Brazilian population

OBJETIVO: Adaptar o Índice de Alimentação Saudável norte-americano de acordo com as recomendações do Guia Alimentar da População Brasileira e da Pirâmide Alimentar Adaptada. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada avaliação do consumo alimentar de 502 indivíduos, de ambos os sexos (54, desvio-padrão=10 anos), na cidade de Botucatu (SP) ano de 2006. O método utilizado para estimar a ingestão foi o questionário recordatório de 24 horas e os alimentos relatados foram convertidos em porções, pelo valor energético, de acordo com os grupos alimentares da Pirâmide Alimentar Adaptada. Além disso, foram avaliados os nutrientes (colesterol, gordura total e saturada) e variedade da dieta. Foi realizada análise estatística descritiva e os valores intermediários da pontuação dos componentes foram calculados por razão e proporção. RESULTADOS: Foram alterados os números das porções alimentares conforme as estabelecidas na Pirâmide Alimentar Adaptada, além da inclusão dos grupos das leguminosas, doces e açúcares, óleos e gorduras na pontuação do Índice de Alimentação Saudável adaptado e exclusão do item sódio. Para os nutrientes a variedade da dieta foi estabelecida pontuação intermediária. O Índice de Alimentação Saudável adaptado pontuou 12 componentes no total, classificando as dietas em boa qualidade (boa qualidade: superior a 100 pontos), precisando melhorar (precisando melhorar: 71-100 pontos) e má qualidade (má qualidade: inferior a 71 pontos). A proporção de indivíduos classificados com dieta de boa qualidade 15%, precisando melhorar 71% e de má qualidade 14 por cento. CONCLUSÃO: O Índice de Alimentação Saudável adaptado é um instrumento que pode ser utilizado para avaliar os hábitos alimentares populacionais, porém específico para a população brasileira adulta. Contudo, se faz necessário que estes índices sejam constantemente revisados e adequados às novas recomendações nutricionais.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to adapt the North American Healthy Eating Index according to the Dietary Guide of the Brazilian Population recommendations and the Adapted Food Pyramid. METHODS: Food intake of 502 individuals of both genders (mean age of 54 years, standard deviation of 10 years) was assessed in the city of Botucatu (SP) in 2006. Food intake was determined by the 24-hour recall and the reported foods were converted into portions according to the energy content and food groups of the Adapted Food Pyramid. Moreover, nutrients (cholesterol, total and saturated fat) and diet variety were also assessed. Descriptive statistical analysis was done and the intermediate values of the component scores were calculated by ratio and proportion. RESULTS: The number of food portions was modified according to the Adapted Food Pyramid, besides including the groups of legumes, sweets and sugars, oils and fats in the Adapted Healthy Eating Index score and excluding sodium. An intermediate score was established for nutrients and diet variety. The Adapted Healthy Eating Index scored a total of 12 components, classifying the diets as good quality (more than 100 points), needs improvement (from 71 to 100 points) and poor quality (under 71 points). The diet of 15% of the individuals was classified as good, 71% needed improvement and 14 percent was poor. CONCLUSION: The Adapted Healthy Eating Index is an instrument that can be used to assess population eating habits but it is specific for the adult Brazilian population. However, these indices need constant reviews and adaptations to new dietary recommendations.

Contribuições das práticas alimentares e inatividade física para o excesso de peso infantil: [revisão] / Feeding practices and physical inactivity contributions to childhood overweight: [review]

OBJETIVO: Revisar estudos que abordam as práticas alimentares atuais e o padrão de atividade física como contribuintes do excesso de peso na infância. FONTES DE DADOS: Ovid Journals, Highwire e SciELO, com seleção de artigos originais e de revisão nos últimos dez anos (1997 a 2007), na língua portuguesa e inglesa. SÍNTESE DE DADOS: O acompanhamento do estado nutricional de crianças permite diagnosticar seu estado de saúde atual, bem como predizer parcialmente seu prognóstico na vida adulta. A prevalência de obesidade infantil, no Brasil, apresenta aumento progressivo em todas as classes sociais e sua freqüência varia entre cinco a 18 por cento, dependendo da região estudada. A associação da transição epidemiológica, demográfica e comportamental e a alteração do hábito alimentar são apontadas como fatores causais do aumento progressivo da obesidade infantil. Práticas alimentares caracterizadas por elevado teor de lipídios, sacarose e sódio e por reduzido consumo de cereais integrais, frutas e hortaliças associadas à inatividade física decorrente do uso de computadores, jogos eletrônicos e televisores influenciam parte considerável de crianças. Este estilo de vida reflete os hábitos familiares e pode ser influenciado pelo ambiente escolar no qual a criança está inserida. CONCLUSÕES: Os dados sugerem influência considerável dos fatores ambientais, principalmente hábitos alimentares e inatividade física, no crescente aumento da prevalência de excesso de peso na população pediátrica.

OBJECTIVE: To review the literature in order to show how current feeding and physical activity practices may contribute to childhood overweight. DATA SOURCE: Ovid Journals, Highwire and SciELO, selecting original and review articles from 1997 to 2007, published in English and Portuguese. DATA SYNTHESIS: The periodic assessment of children nutritional status is important to diagnose their current health status and to predict their adult life prognosis. In Brazil, the prevalence of childhood obesity is progressively increasing in all social classes and its frequency varies from five to 18 percent, according to the region assessed. The association between the health, demographic and behavioral transition and the change in feeding practices can explain the increasing prevalence of childhood overweight. The current food consumption with high fat, sugar and sodium intake and low intake of whole cereals, fruits and vegetables associated to physical inactivity due to the excessive use of computers, electronic games and television may play a role in childhood obesity. This life style can be explained by changing family habits and school environment. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest considerable influence of environmental factors, mainly nutritional habits and physical inactivity, on the increasing prevalence of childhood overweight.

Efeito da suplementação de ácido fólico e do exercício físico sobre as concentrações de homocisteína plasmática em indivíduos portadores de hipertensão arterial essencial / Effect of folic acid supplementation and physical exercises on plasma concentrations of homocysteine in essencial hypertensive subjects

A homocisteína plasmática é considerada marcador de risco para doenças cardiovasculares e sua associação com a hipertensão arterial parece ser importante no agravamento desta doença. O exercício físico tem mostrado eficácia na redução da pressão arterial e o ácido fólico suplementar a dieta como a melhor conduta para a redução da homocisteinemia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito da suplementação de ácido fólico e/ou do exercício físico sobre as concentrações plasmáticas de homocisteína em hipertensos essenciais medicados. Para tanto foram estudados 69 hipertensos (57±10 anos), sendo 22 do sexo masculino e 47 do sexo feminino, divididos em dois grupos: grupo 1 medicado com diurético e grupo 2 medicado sem diurético, sendo o tiazídico o diurético mais utilizado (80 por cento)...

Detection of altered risk factors in hospitalized patients with coronary artery disease.

OBJECTIVE: To assess biochemical, anthropometric, and dietary variables considered risk factors for coronary artery disease. METHODS: Using anthropometrics, dietary allowance, and blood biochemistry, we assessed 84 patients [54 males (mean age of 55+/- 8 years) and 30 females (mean age of 57+/-7 years)], who had severe (>/= 70% coronary artery obstruction) and nonsevere forms of coronary artery disease determined by cardiac catheterization. The severe form of the disease prevailed in 70% of the males and 64% of the females, and a high frequency of familial antecedents (92% ' 88%) and history of acute myocardial infarction (80% ' 70%) were observed. Smoking predominated among males (65%) and diabetes mellitus among females (43%). RESULTS: Males and females had body mass index and body fat above the normal values. Females with nonsevere lesions had HDL > 35 mg/dL, and this constituted a discriminating intergroup indicator. Regardless of the severity of the disease, hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia were found among females, and cholesterolemia > 200 mg/dL in both sexes, but only males had LDL fraction > 160 mg/dL and homocysteine > 11.7 mmol/L. The male dietary allowance was inadequate in nutrients for homocysteine metabolism and in nutrients with an antioxidant action, such as the vitamins B6, C, and folate. Individuals of both sexes had a higher lipid and cholesterol intake and an inadequate consumption of fiber. The diet was classified as high-protein, high-fat, and low-carbohydrate. CONCLUSION: The alterations found had no association with the severity of lesions, indicating the need for more effective nutritional intervention.

Detecção de fatores de risco alterados em pacientes coronariopatas hospitalizados / Detection of altered risk factors in hospitalized patients with coronary artery disease

OBJECTIVE: To assess biochemical, anthropometric, and dietary variables considered risk factors for coronary artery disease. METHODS: Using anthropometrics, dietary allowance, and blood biochemistry, we assessed 84 patients [54 males (mean age of 55± 8 years) and 30 females (mean age of 57±7 years)], who had severe ( > or = 70 percent coronary artery obstruction) and nonsevere forms of coronary artery disease determined by cardiac catheterization. The severe form of the disease prevailed in 70 percent of the males and 64 percent of the females, and a high frequency of familial antecedents (92 percent ' 88 percent) and history of acute myocardial infarction (80 percent ' 70 percent) were observed. Smoking predominated among males (65 percent) and diabetes mellitus among females (43 percent). RESULTS: Males and females had body mass index and body fat above the normal values. Females with nonsevere lesions had HDL > 35 mg/dL, and this constituted a discriminating intergroup indicator. Regardless of the severity of the disease, hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia were found among females, and cholesterolemia > 200 mg/dL in both sexes, but only males had LDL fraction > 160 mg/dL and homocysteine > 11.7 mmol/L. The male dietary allowance was inadequate in nutrients for homocysteine metabolism and in nutrients with an antioxidant action, such as the vitamins B6, C, and folate. Individuals of both sexes had a higher lipid and cholesterol intake and an inadequate consumption of fiber. The diet was classified as high-protein, high-fat, and low-carbohydrate. CONCLUSION: The alterations found had no association with the severity of lesions, indicating the need for more effective nutritional intervention

Avaliaçäo dietética, antropométrica e bioquímica dos participantes do Programa de Reabilitaçäo Cardíaca da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Dietetic, anthropometric and biochemical evaluation of the participants of the Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) cardiac rehabilitation program

O objetivo deste estudo compreende a avaliaçäo do perfil dietético, antropométrico e bioquímico dos participantes do Programa de Reabilitaçäo Cardíaca da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. A amostra estudada foi constituída por 125 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, sendo 37 alocados na faixa etária de até 50 anos e 88 na faixa etária de 51 anos ou mais. Utilizou-se como metodologia a análise quantitativa e qualitativa da anamnese alimentar, a determinaçäo do indice de Massa Corporal e a bioquímica do sangue. Verificou-se através da análise dos resultados, uma alta incidência de sobrepeso e níveis de colesterol sérico acima do desejável. Houve inadequaçäo no consumo de ferro da parcela feminina e cálcio por ambos os sexos e ingestäo de dietas hiperprotéicas. O perfil de morbidade da amostra reflete a predominância de hipertensäo arterial. Conclui-se, portanto, ser de suma importância a orientaçäo nutricional individualizada como forma de corrigir as inadequaçöes dietéticas, evitar o surgimento de novos fatores de risco e minimizar os já existentes.